Causes of deforestation in pakistan is open for the scholarship allows level programms in the field of taught at the deadline of the scholarhip is. Natural causes as hurricanes, fires, parasites and floods. Abstract the worldwide concern with deforestation of brazilian amazonia is motivated not only by the irreversible loss of this natural wealth, but also by the perception that it is a destructive process in which the social and economic gains are smaller than the environmental losses. Subsistence farming is responsible for 48% of deforestation. Deforestation is a primary contributor to climate change. Pdf on apr 25, 2012, sumit chakravarty and others published deforestation. Essay on the meaning of deforestation essay on the history of deforestation in india essay on the causes for deforestation essay on the effects of deforestation essay. The moneychurner that forest resources can be, is tempting enough for deforestation to continue.
According to fao, deforestation is the conversion of. In their letter deforestation in amazonia 21 may 2004, p. The destruction of the forests is occurring due to various reasons, one of the main reasons being the shortterm economic benefits. Causes and features of watershed degradation related to mhp. Initiating awareness creation champagnes makes it easy for people to detect the causes, effects, and ways of counteracting deforestation. There are many causes of tropical deforestationcommercial logging, largescale agriculture e. Human activities as agricultural expansion, cattle breeding, timber extraction, mining, oil extraction.
Causes of deforestation farming, grazing of livestock, mining, and drilling combined account for more than half of all deforestation. According to a study, tropical forests hold over 210 gigatons of carbon dioxide. Analysis on the causes of deforestation and forest. Preliminary study on the drivers of deforestation and. Some of the other factors that lead to deforestation are also part natural and part anthropogenic like desertification of land. Deforestation in the current scenario may have reduced however it would be too early to assume. If there are no fiscal incentives, other factors must make the. Each year, fires burn millions of hectares of forest worldwide. The drivers of tropical deforestation can be summed up as complex socioeconomic processes that are impossible to isolate a single cause.
Reducing tropical deforestation to conserve biodiversity and regulate climate is a globally significant goal 1,2,3, yet deforestation rates remain high 4. Exploring deforestation at multiple example locations. The term commonly refers to the removal of trees, mainly intentionally, with the purpose of taking commercial advantage of the cleared land or the taken trees. Understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change. Atmospheric for global warming deforestation is the major contributor. Many wonderful species of plants and animals have been lost, and many others remain endangered. Deforestation can also occur to produce the wood and organic materials needed for a variety of industries. This workcauses of deforestation of the brazilian amazonappears in this context. Causes, effects and control strategies sumit chakravarty 1, s. Geological and morphological and thus natural causes can be, for example, weak or weathered material, contrast in permeability of material or shrinkandswell weathering. Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to utilize the land or trees. Direct causes people have been deforesting the earth for thousands of years, primarily to clear land for crops or livestock.
Pakistan is not selfsufficient in wood based products and spends billions of rupees on import of wood and wood based products. Northern canada, although it has lesser extent of public awareness and higher immediate development threats, may become. Conversion of forests for other land uses, including pulp, palm, and soy plantations, pastures, settlements, roads and infrastructure. The increase of mining on tropical forests is furthering damage due to the rising demand and high mineral prices. Converting forests in to agricultural land, ranchland using treescharcoal for fuel or source of income. The expansion of timber and other largescale plantations together resulted in 21% table2. A 2005 study by nasa found that deforestation in the amazon region of south america influences rainfall from mexico to texas and in the gulf of mexico, while forest loss in central africa affects precipitation patterns in. Mining drives extensive deforestation in the brazilian amazon. Land use changes, especially in the form of deforestation, are the second largest anthropogenic source of atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions, after fossil fuel combustion. A 2005 study by nasa found that deforestation in the amazon region of south america influences rainfall from mexico to texas and in the gulf of mexico, while forest loss in central africa affects precipitation patterns in the upper and lower u. To better understand deforestation, degradation and fragmentation, it is important to revisit three additional terms that are often used to highlight positive changes in forest areas.
Afforestation is the conversion from other land uses into forest, or the increase of the. Deforestation has even been caused by extensive warthroughout history fire has often been used to deprive the enemy of necessary resources. According to the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc secretariat, the overwhelming direct cause of deforestation is agriculture. Basic concepts of deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation 2. If theyre not reforested, they inevitably end up as wastelands directly from soil erosion and desertification. The latest deforestation news is included at the foot of the page. It is a serious environmental concern since it can result in the loss of biodiversity, damage to natural habitats, disturbances in the water cycle, and soil erosion. This led to increasing temperature, climate change and worst, global warming. Deforestation causes of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
This work causes of deforestation of the brazilian amazonappears in this context. Study on the evolution of some deforestation drivers and their. Deforestation also has adverse impacts on biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, increasing negative feedback cycles contributing to global warming. Sensitization and educative campaigns can be a simple but a more workable solution. Typically, deforestation is clearing a lot of trees without the intention of establishing future growth. Theareahaandproportion% ofdeforestation nationwide2001. There is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel. Tropical deforestation can also affect weather in other parts of the world. The central issue which it attempts to study is the role of cattle ranchingits dynamic and profitabilityin the expansion of deforestation. The rate of forest loss from both deforestation and natural causes is slowing, but remains alarmingly high 2 and of worldwide concerns. At the national level, governments sell logging concessions to raise money for projects, to pay international debt, or to develop industry. As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, a layer forms in the atmosphere that traps sun radiation. Causes, effects and control strategies 5 deforestation are maintained. Deforestation causes extinction, changes to climatic conditions, desertification, and displacement of populations, as observed by current conditions and in the past through the fossil record.
The causes attributed to deforestation are multivariate in nature, interrelated and differ at local, national as well as regional scale. Urban sprawl is one of the most difficult deforestation related issues to solve. There is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change most deforestation is driven from outside forestry sector e. Human activities as agricultural expansion, cattle breeding, timber extraction, mining, oil extraction, dam construction and infrastructure development. It consists of a complex of social, political, economic. The other is the ability, via the forest stewardship council and other marketbased certification schemes, to. With each forest clearing, we lose about 5 species of animals, plants. As mentioned earlier, forests absorb carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation can also be counteracted through awareness and sensitization. This radiation gets converted to heat and causes global warming. Pdf deforestation causes, impacts and restoration strategies. The most discussed causes of deforestation such as population, gross domestic product, external debt, government policies etc. However, deforestation might also occur accidentally when fire destroys large forest areas.
The changes in area of forest by region and subregion are shown in table 1. Revise the causes of deforestation for the upcoming test. Causes of deforestation of the brazilian amazon isbn. The dark areas are forest, the white is deforested areas, and the gray. Deforestation causes the carbon in the trees to go into the air again, and this causes more carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. Deforestation is the cutting down of trees from an area with no intention of establishing a future stand of trees. A competitive global economy drives the need for money in economically challenged tropical countries. Other major factors fostering deforestation are infrastructure development and the introduction of laboursaving technologies. Since carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, deforestation causes global warming. Although the expansion of highway infrastructure can explain part of the deforestation in the 1970s and 1980s, it does not explain deforestation in the 1990s, when this expansion basically came to an end, but the. Due to deforestation, 15% of these greenhouse gases are freed. In addition, between 2000 and 2010, the world lost about 3.
This is due to the fact that, at its base, urban sprawl is driven by overpopulation. Tropical deforestation is responsible for about 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions. Labourdemanding technologies, like the establishment of irrigated rice plots, have a negative influence on forest clearing klasen et al 2010. Deforestation facts and information national geographic. Deforestation, the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the land available for other uses, is considered to be a contributing factor to global climate change. Fires are a part of nature but degraded forests are particularly vulnerable. This section looks at a deforestation definition, causes of deforestation, effects of deforestation, solutions to deforestation and deforestation facts. Corruption at the government institutions, wealth and power due to harvesting of the riches of the forest, population growth and urbanization are some of the common. Oct 18, 2017 reducing tropical deforestation to conserve biodiversity and regulate climate is a globally significant goal 1,2,3, yet deforestation rates remain high 4. Human causes on the other hand might include deforestation, land use change, excavation of slopes or irrigation. As each species of an ecosystem rely upon other species, loss of one species can have farreaching consequences for other.
Among other impacts, tropical deforestation is considered the second largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions ipcc. Contents list of figures viii list of tables ix foreword xi acknowledgements xiii 1 introduction 1 2 conceptual framework 5 2. The best solution to deforestation is to curb the felling of trees, by employing a series of rules and laws to govern it. Deforestation can be defined as the largescale removal of trees from forests or other lands for the facilitation of human activities. Deforestation causes can either be direct or indirect. Indeed some 31 countries do not even make the list because they have already removed most of their forests and even if that remain are seriously fragmented and degraded. In many countries, people clear land to use it for other purposes, such as agriculture, pasture land, and urban development. Pdf restoration forestry or ecoforestry or sustainable forestry is basically not aimed to produce forest trees for logging or any sort of human. Deforestation deforestation regrowth undisturbed forest forest fragments figure 1. Ask students either in small groups or individually, depending on your preference to choose an area of the world with high deforestation either chosen from the example locations, or found through independent research and conduct research about deforestation in that area.
As each species of an ecosystem rely upon other species, loss of one species can have farreaching consequences for other species. Harvesting, forest fires, and insect infestations do not count as deforestation because the affected areas will eventually grow back. Most deforestation is driven from outside forestry sector e. Some 36 football fields of forests are hacked, burned, and destroyed every minute. Although tropical forests are largely confined to developing countries, they arent just meeting local or national needs.
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